Rethinking Nuclear Waste: Liz Muller’s Mission to Revolutionise the Industry

BLOGBy Rullion on 30 May 2025
 

In episode three of Rullion Reflections, our video interview series spotlighting the people shaping the future of the UK nuclear industry, Sibel Akel, Marketing Director at Rullion, speaks with Liz Muller, CEO and co-founder of Deep Fission. 

Liz’s entry into nuclear wasn’t through the usual route. She didn’t come from a nuclear engineering background or start her career in a traditional utility. Instead, she was driven by a deeply personal and persistent question: where does nuclear waste go? 

“It was one of those questions I grew up with,” Liz recalls. “My father was in the nuclear industry. People like Luis Alvarez were family friends. The conversation around nuclear was just... part of my world.” 

This question sparked an idea that became a mission. Today, Liz leads Deep Fission, a startup developing deep borehole disposal technology that could drastically reduce timelines, lower costs, and fundamentally reshape how the world manages nuclear waste. 

Where Does Nuclear Waste Go? 

Growing up surrounded by scientists and Nobel Prize-winning thinkers gave Liz early exposure to the big questions that would eventually define her career. 

“The science around nuclear energy is incredible,” she says. “But the waste issue has always cast a shadow. If we don’t solve that, public resistance will remain, and so will project delays.” 

Despite this interest, Liz initially chose a different route where she studied environmental policy and working in consultancy. But the waste question never left her. 

 

Turning a Problem Into a Purpose 

In time, Liz reconnected with her father, a physicist and serial innovator. Together, they began exploring new methods to solve the nuclear waste conundrum. Their solution? Leverage directional drilling (proven in the oil and gas industry), to place nuclear waste deep underground in corrosion-resistant canisters. 

“The models the industry has been using haven’t really changed since the 1970s. People said nuclear was too slow to evolve, too entrenched. That just made me more determined to show that change is possible,” Liz explains. 

That determination led to the creation of Deep Isolation and, later, Deep Fission. These companies aim to solve nuclear waste management through horizontal boreholes drilled more than a mile underground - a method that could be significantly cheaper, faster, and safer than building massive geological repositories. 

“It’s transformative,” Liz says. “We’re talking about disposal that can happen in weeks, not decades.” 

Deep Fission’s technology is already gaining attention and could be commercially operational by 2029. Their work is helping shift the global narrative around what’s possible in nuclear waste disposal. 

 

A New Problem to Solve: Cost 

As public sentiment and political support for nuclear improves, driven by climate goals and energy security. The demand for clean, reliable power is growing fast. 

“Nuclear isn’t just about replacing coal or gas anymore,” Liz notes. “It’s becoming critical for powering AI, data centres, and the electricity demands of a digitised future.” 

Despite that, the industry still faces a major hurdle: affordability. 

“There’s been a lot of progress in reactor design, modular construction, and safety systems,” she says. “But cost (after waste) is the biggest challenge. We haven’t had the real breakthrough in economics yet. That’s where Deep Fission comes in.” 

The company is also exploring advanced systems like thorium reactors and high-temperature gas reactors that could one day be deployed inside boreholes themselves, eliminating even more surface footprint and infrastructure. 

“We’re not just building technology,” Liz says. “It feels like we’re building an ecosystem.” 

 

Case Study: Applying Innovation in Practice 

Deep Fission recently partnered with a European government to conduct a feasibility study on borehole disposal for legacy nuclear waste. The study involved assessing regional geology, conducting public engagement workshops, and designing a pilot borehole. 

The results? The project timeline was cut from an estimated 15 years to under five. Community support grew after education sessions clarified how the process worked and how safety would be ensured. A full-scale trial is now scheduled for early 2026. 

This case highlights the real-world viability of Liz’s approach, and its potential to transform nuclear waste management globally. 

 

Creating Careers and Welcoming Talent 

As the nuclear sector transforms, it needs new people to help shape its future. That’s where nuclear energy careers are evolving - into exciting opportunities for engineers, policymakers, data scientists, and even those outside traditional STEM fields. 

“There’s so much talent out there,” Liz says. “We’re not just hiring in the US. We’re hiring across the world. The UK nuclear industry has so much potential, especially for women in nuclear and younger generations.” 

Her advice to those exploring jobs in nuclear or clean energy jobs in the UK? 

“Find your people. Attend events. Talk to others working on the same challenges. That network is everything.” 

“And find mentors. The nuclear industry is one of the most welcoming industries I’ve been part of.” 

 

On Mentors and Mindsets 

When asked who’s inspired her most, Liz doesn’t hesitate. 

“Definitely my dad,” she says. “He has the kind of mindset where he enters every new challenge with a beginner’s mind. That’s vital for startups, because in six months, everything about the company can change.” 

She also credits her mother, an architect and small business owner, for showing her how to fully commit to both professional and personal ambitions. 

“She taught me the value of going all in. If you’re going to do something, give it your whole heart.” 

 

The Future of Nuclear is Personal 

Liz Muller proves you don’t need a conventional background to make a lasting impact in nuclear. What you need is curiosity, resilience, and a willingness to ask bold questions, starting with the one that changed her life. 

Where does nuclear waste go? 

Thanks to a blend of deep science, new technology, and global collaboration, the answer may be found in miles-deep boreholes, not in more decades of political delays. 

 

Powering the Future of Nuclear Starts with People 

At Rullion, we work with pioneering organisations across the UK nuclear industry to find, attract, and support the people who are driving change. Whether you're scaling new technologies, meeting regulatory milestones, or shaping the next generation of clean energy jobs in the UK, we're here to help.

Looking for talent in nuclear? 

We understand the challenges: an ageing workforce, niche skill shortages, and rising competition from adjacent sectors like renewables and data. That’s where we come in. 

Let’s talk about how we can help you Get Work Done. 

Watch the full interview with Liz Muller 

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The Future of Nuclear talent with Nancy Bellingan

The Future of Nuclear talent with Nancy Bellingan

Whether it was standing out as the only girl in a physics class of 20 in Italy or driving across Europe to begin a new role in the UK, Nancy Bellingan has built her career by embracing challenges head-on. In episode 6 of Rullion Reflections, Nancy explores the future of nuclear. She explains why education, visibility, and breaking down barriers are just as important as technology in shaping the next generation of nuclear talent. Watch the full Rullion Reflections Ep. 6 interview with Nancy or read on for the key highlights from the conversation. At the cutting edge with Createc Today, Nancy brings her experience to Createc as a Radiation Physicist. Known for pioneering work in nuclear decommissioning, robotics, and 3D radiation mapping, Createc is the kind of environment where no two days look the same. Her journey to the role was as memorable as the work itself. Packing up her life in Germany, she carefully measured her small car to make sure every box would fit, then drove across Europe, through Belgium and the Channel Tunnel, before finally arriving in Cumbria. “It was completely full – I couldn’t have squeezed in another thing,” she laughs. Nancy first connected with Createc at DigiDecom, a digital decommissioning conference, where she was struck by the company’s innovative spirit and by the leadership of Rosie, now one of her colleagues. That chance meeting led to an opportunity, and Nancy quickly knew it was the right fit. “They replied within an hour of my application and offered me the job the next day. That efficiency really stood out, and once I started, I didn’t know I could like a job this much. No two days are ever the same.” Early Inspiration Nancy’s interest in science began early. Growing up in Italy, she often followed in her brother’s footsteps; whether it was rugby, scuba diving, or computer games. When he became interested in nuclear, so did she. But it was role models like Licia Troisi, an astrophysicist and fantasy author from her hometown, who showed her what was possible. “I wanted to be like her: an astrophysicist who also wrote books,” Nancy recalls. “In the end, I only did one part: the nuclear physics.” That mix of curiosity, role models, and resilience meant that being “the only girl in the class” never discouraged her. Instead, it became part of her drive. Nuclear education as the foundation Nancy believes it all begins in the classroom. Too often, the first time young people hear about nuclear is through disasters or sensationalised media. These historic events must not be forgotten, but they should be understood in context, alongside decades of progress in safety, innovation, and regulation that make the nuclear industry what it is today. Nuclear today is one of the most heavily regulated and scrutinised energy sectors in the world, monitored by organisations like the IAEA, ENSREG, and the ONR in the UK, with multiple layers of safety protocols in place to minimise risk. Early nuclear education is one of the best ways to reshape understanding. By introducing nuclear concepts in school science classes, students can see how nuclear is used today as a clean energy source and through its life-saving medical applications. In countries like Belgium and France, nuclear is woven into environmental studies from a young age, creating a more balanced foundation where nuclear is part of education; students grow up seeing it as normal, not controversial. For example, Belgium’s parliament recently voted to drop the phase-out of nuclear energy, extending reactor lifetimes and exploring new builds. And in 2025, France will generate nearly 70% of its electricity from nuclear power. This early education not only helps to shift public opinion but also to show students the vast opportunities available in nuclear careers, helping to bring in the next generation of nuclear talent. Attracting and retaining future of nuclear talent “How can we get more young people into the nuclear industry?” Sibel asks. The irony, Nancy points out, is that even when students choose nuclear pathways, many find the doors closed. Security clearance, nationality restrictions, and slow recruitment processes often block skilled candidates from entering. The result is bright minds drift into other industries, while nuclear struggles to fill the pipeline it desperately needs. Nancy sees the cost of this up close: graduates with the right skills and passion who simply can’t find a way in. It’s not that the talent isn’t there; it’s that the system is too rigid to welcome them. And every missed opportunity is another gap in research and development, another idea never explored, another innovation lost. "I have so many former students who studied nuclear-related subjects and they’re not getting jobs. It’s not that they don’t want to join, it’s that sometimes they’re not let in." To sustain the future of nuclear talent, the industry must turn inspiration into opportunity. That means breaking down barriers, making hiring fit for purpose, and showing students clear and diverse career paths. Without young professionals in the labs, in R&D, in decommissioning, and in innovation, nuclear risks losing momentum in the global energy transition. Belonging and visibility Young people need to see themselves reflected in the industry if they’re going to believe they have a place in it. Representation is as important as technical skill because it shapes who feels welcome to apply in the first place. 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Just as sci-fi doesn’t invent entirely new storylines but reimagines them in futuristic settings, nuclear takes existing professions like chemistry, robotics, mechanical engineering, and even HR, and situates them within a unique environment. This perspective reframes nuclear from a niche field to a cross-disciplinary hub where a diverse range of skills can find application. For those outside the industry, it opens the door to consider nuclear not as “other”, but as an extension of their own expertise. Looking Forward The nuclear industry is at a turning point. Perception, education, and diversity aren’t side conversations; they’re the frontline of the future of nuclear talent. If the sector wants to thrive, it must act: Inspire early through education Remove barriers to entry Showcase diversity and belonging Share knowledge openly across generations and borders Nancy’s journey is a reminder that nuclear’s story is still being written. And the next chapter will be defined by the choices the industry makes today. Ready to start your own nuclear career? View our latest nuclear jobs. Watch the full interview.

By Rullion on 06 November 2025